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Types of SynthesisFrequency Modulation (FM) Synthesis Frequency modulation is where the output signal from one oscillator, oscillates the frequency of another oscillator (the carrier signal). FM synthesis was a very popular in early synthesisers. Examples of FM synthesizers include: Yamaha DX7 Amplitude Modulation (AM) Synthesis Amplitude modulation consists of combining two signals together. A unipolar modulation signal (a signal that contains only positive values) is used to modulate the source signal, which is referred to as the carrier. The obvious difference between frequency modulation and amplitude modulation is that one modulates the frequency of the carrier while the other modulates the amplitude (volume). Ring Modulation (RM) Synthesis Ring modulation is very similar to amplitude modulation with the exception that it uses a bipolar modulation signal (a signal that contains both positive and negative values). One of the resulting effects of using a bipolar modulation signal is that it cancels out the carrier signal. Ring modulation of often used by vocoders in order to recreate a “robotic” vocal effect. Additive Synthesis Additive synthesis is where sounds are constructed from the ground up. This method starts with a single waveform and is then built up by adding other waveforms, modulation sources etc. Examples of Additive synthesizers include: Cameleon 5000 v1.7 Kawai K5000 Synclavier VirSyn Cube Morphine WNAdditive etc Subtractive Synthesis Subtractive synthesis is basically the opposite. Here you start with a wave form rich with harmonics such as a saw tooth or square wave and filter out frequencies in order to achieve the desired results. Examples of subtractive synthesizers include: Early Moogs, TB-303, Roland Jupiter series etc. Granular Synthesis Granular synthesis is principally based around very quickly modulating tiny grains of sound, from an audio file for example. There are several parameters, which can alter the sound, such as envelope, frequency, duration and location in the audio file used. The type of sound that granular synthesis creates is not a single tone, but a rich, morphing collection of tones. Examples of Granular synthesizers include: Grain Cloud – Reaktor Wavetable Synthesis Wavetable synthesis uses segments of real audio sounds, such as a note from a guitar. A sequence of related sounds are collected and organised into a table like structure. When the user presses a key on their keyboard a sample will be triggered from that table based on the key and velocity of the played note. In addition to both the key and velocity, duration is also taken into consideration. In this case loop points are specified within the sustain segment of the wave. This part will loop until the user releases the key. Examples of Wavetable synthesis include: Roland XV 50/80 – 30/80 etc. SampleTank Edirol Soundcanvas/ Orchestral etc. Physical Modeling (PhM) Synthesis Physical modelling synthesis is an attempt to artificially recreate real life sounds using complex mathematical equations. Examples of FM synthesizers include: Sculpture (Logic 7) Vector synthesis Vector synthesis is a method of dynamically morphing several sounds into one another at varying times. Thus creating movement in the sound. Examples of Vector synthesis synthesizers include: ES2 (Logic 7)  |
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